Sodium alendronate is an effective adjunctive therapy for treating periodontitis in male rats treated with anticancer chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess sodium alendronate as a local adjunctive therapy for treating experimental periodontitis in male rats treated with chemotherapy. DESIGN: One-hundred-eighty male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 90) based on the systemic treatments: PSS, physiological saline solution; and 5-Fluorouracil, and then, subdivided into three subgroups (n = 30): NT, no treatment; scaling and root planing; and sodium alendronate. Treatments were performed 7 days after induction of experimental periodontitis. Specimens were collected at 14, 22, and 37 days after induction. Alveolar bone level, percentage of bone in the furcation, percentage of non-vital bone in the furcation, histopathologic features, and immunolabeling pattern for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and osteocalcin (OCN) were evaluated. RESULTS: The lowest amount of alveolar bone and highest amount of non-vital bone was found in group 5-Fluorouracil when no treatment was performed. In animals receiving 5-Flurouracil and subjected to periodontal treatment, adjunctive sodium alendronate resulted in higher percentage of bone in the furcation and higher alveolar bone loss, when compared with scaling and root planing alone. Better structural and cellularity patterns were found in the periodontal tissues when sodium alendronate was used, regardless of systemic treatment. Higher TRAP-expression was found when no treatment was performed. Sodium alendronate didn't affect the immunolabeling pattern of osteocalcin in the presence of 5-Fluorouracil. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive therapy with local sodium alendronate prevented alveolar bone loss and improved the histopathological features of the periodontal tissues following scaling and root planing in male rats with experimental periodontitis receiving anticancer chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil.

Hand instrumentation provides improved tissue response over ultrasonic scaler and substantiates safe dental practice: An in vivo study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hand debridement (HD) versus ultrasonic dental scaler (UDS) for the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty 3-month-old male rats were used. EP was induced around the mandibular first molars (right and left). Seven days after induction, the treatments with either HD (n = 30) or UDS (n = 30) were randomly performed in each molar. Euthanasia were performed at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Histometric (percentage of bone in the furcation [PBF]), histopathological, and immunohistochemical (for detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] and osteocalcin [OCN]). Parametric data (PBF and TRAP) was analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. OCN was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post-test. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: Group HD presented higher PBF and lower TRAP-immunolabeling at 30 days as compared with UDS in the same period (p≤0.05). Group HD presented higher OCN immunolabeling at 30 days as compared with 7 and 15 days (p≤0.05). Persistent and exacerbated inflammatory process was observed in some specimens from group UDS at 30 days, as well as the bone trabeculae presented irregular contour, surrounded by many active osteoclasts. CONCLUSION: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy with HD resulted in higher PBF and lower expression of TRAP as compared with UDS. Also, HD increased the expression of OCN over time.

The influence of antineoplastic agents on the peri-implant bone around osseointegrated titanium implants: an in vivo histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The interaction between antineoplastic drugs used for treating cancer and non-affected tissues remains poorly assessed and may be critical for maintaining the quality of life for patients during and after treatment. This pre-clinical study evaluated the effects of cisplatin (CIS) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the peri-implant repair process around osseointegrated titanium implants installed in the tibiae of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Were used 90 male rats, randomly divided into three groups (n = 30): physiological saline solution (PSS), CIS, and 5-FU. Titanium implants (4.0 × 2.2 mm) were inserted in both tibiae of all animals at day 0. The animals received either PSS, CIS, or 5-FU at 35 and 37 days. Euthanasia was performed at 50, 65, and 95 days after surgery. Histometric (bone/implant contact [BIC]) and bone area fraction occupancy (% BAFO), histological, and immunohistochemical (for bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 [BMP2/4], Runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], osteocalcin [OCN], and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]) analyses were performed. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Groups CIS and 5-FU presented lower BIC and lower BAFO as compared with PSS in all time points. The imbalance in bone turnover was observed by the lower number of BMP2/4-, RUNX2-, and OCN-positive cells/mm2 and the higher number of TRAP-positive cells/mm in groups CIS and 5-FU as compared with PSS in all time points. Persistent and exacerbated inflammation was observed in groups CIS and 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS: Both antineoplastic agents interfered negatively in the bone turnover around osseointegrated titanium implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Closer and more careful follow-up of patients with osseointegrated implants that will undergo chemotherapy with either CIS or 5-FU shall be performed.

Avaliação da influência da Coenzima Q10 sobre o processo de reparo periimplantar de implantes instalados em tíbias de ratos expostos ou não à nicotina / Evaluation of the influence of Coenzyme Q10 on the periimplant repair processo of implants installed in the tíbias of rats exposed or not to nicotine

O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da Coenzima Q10 (CoQ10) no reparo periimplantar em implantes instalados em tíbias de ratos modificados sistemicamente ou não pela nicotina. Oitenta ratos machos (Wistar), foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=20). No dia 0 os animais receberam um implante (4 x 2,2mm ­ SLA) na metáfise proximal das tíbias direita e esquerda. Nos 30 dias que antecedem o procedimento cirúrgico e nos 28 que o sucedem, os animais receberam duas injeções subcutâneas diárias de 3mg/kg de hemissulfato de nicotina ou solução salina na região dorsal, com 12 horas de intervalo entre elas. Logo após à cirurgia, o protocolo se constituiu na administração via gavagem gástrica de 1 ml de glicerina vegetal, ou suplementação diária com 120 mg de CoQ10, ambos até o final do experimento. SS (SHAM): o protocolo de aplicação utilizado foi o de solução salina subcutânea, e os animais receberam gavagem gástrica diária de 1 ml de glicerina vegetal. SS-CoQ10: o protocolo de aplicação utilizado foi o de solução salina subcutânea e, como suplementação, receberam 120 mg de Coenzima Q10 via gavagem gástrica. NIC: o protocolo de aplicação utilizado foi o de nicotina, e os animais receberam gavagem gástrica diária de 1 ml de glicerina vegetal. NIC-CoQ10: o protocolo de aplicação utilizado foi o de nicotina e, como suplementação, os animais receberam 120 mg de CoQ10 via gavagem gástrica. As eutanásias foram aos 7 e 28 dias pós-operatórios. As peças coletadas foram processadas com desmineralização para as análises histológica, histométrica (PTON) e imunoistoquímica para detecção de BMP/2, OCN e TRAP; e sem desmineralização para análise da área do contato direto osso/implante (BIC). Após análise de normalidade e homocedasticidade, os dados foram submetidos aos testes mais adequados com significância de 5% (p≤0,05). Com relação ao contato osso implante, o grupo SS, SS-Q10 e NIC- Q10, apresentaram maior BIC em todos os períodos experimentais quando comparado com o grupo NIC. Os grupos SS, SS-Q10 e NIC-Q10 apresentaram também maior PTON em todos os períodos experimentais quando comparado com o grupo NIC. A análise histológica dos tecidos periimplantares mostrou que o grupo NIC-Q10 apresentou características histológicas que se mostraram similares ao grupo controle, no entanto, com maior quantidade de tecido ósseo periimplantar e menor quantidade de tecido conjuntivo. Nos padrões de marcação imunoistoquímica, quando comparado ao grupo SS, o grupo NIC-Q10 apresentou menor imunomarcação para e OCN, menor marcação para TRAP e não houve diferenças quanto a marcação de BMP2. Dentro dos limites do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que a Coenzima Q10 exerceu uma influência positiva na remodelação óssea periimplantar em implantes osseointegrados(AU)

The purpose of the presente study was to evaluate the influence of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on periimplant repair in implants installed in the tíbia of rats modificated sistemically or not by nicotine. Eighty male rats (Wistar) were divided into four groups(n=20). On day 0 the animals received na implant (4x2,2mm-SLA) in the proximal metaphasys of the right and left tíbias. In the 30 days preceding the surgical procedure and the 28 days following it, the animals received two daily subcutaneous injections of 3 mg/kg of nicotine hemissulfate or saline solution in the dorsal region, with a 12-hour interval between them. Soon after surgery, the protocol consisted of the administration via gastric gavage of 1ml of vegetable glycerin, or daily supplementation with 120 mg of CoQ10, both until the endo f of the experiment. SS (SHAM): the application protocol used was subcutaneous saline solution, and the animals received daily gastric gavage of 1 ml of vegetal glycerin. SS-CoQ10: the application protocol used was subcutaneous saline solution and, as a supplement, they received 120 mg of Coenzyme Q10 via gastric gavage. NIC: the application protocol used was nicotine, and the animals received daily gastric gavage of 1 ml of vegetable glycerin. NIC-CoQ10: the application protocol used was nicotine and, as a supplement, the animals received 120 mg of CoQ10 via gastric gavage. Euthanasias were performed at 7 and 28 days after surgery. The colleted pieces were processed with desmineralization for histological analysis, área of neofomad bone tissue, histomorfometric analysis (PTON) and immunohistochemistry for the detection of BMP2, OCN and TRAP; and without desmineralization for direct bone/implant contat (BIC) analysis. Regarding bonéimplant contact, the SS, SS-Q10 and NIC-Q10 groups showed higher BIC in all experimental periods When compared to the NIC group. The histological analysis of the periimplant tissues showed that the NIC-Q10 group presented histological characteristics that were similar to the control group, however, with a greater amount of periimplant bone tissue and less connective tissue. In immunohistochemical staining patterns, when compared to the SS group, the NICQ10 group showed lower immunostaining for and OCN, lower staining for TRAP and there were no diferences regarding BMP2 staining. Within the limits of the presente study, it can be concluded that Coenzyme Q10 exerted a positive influence on periimplant bone remodeling in osseointegrated implants(AU)

Influence of systemic strontium ranelate on the progression and as adjunctive therapy for the nonsurgical treatment of experimental periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Strontium Ranelate (SR) presents overlapping osteoanabolic and anti-resorptive activity. However, the effects of SR on the progression of periodontitis through the alveolar bone and its potential applicability as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning remain poorly accessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemic (SR) both on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) and as adjunctive therapy to SRP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty male rats were divided into four groups (n=20): EP-PSS: EP induction and systemic administration of physiological saline solution (PSS); EP-SR: EP induction and systemic administration of SR; EP-SRP/PSS: EP induction, SRP and systemic administration of PSS; EP-SRP/SR: EP induction, SRP and systemic administration of SR. Seven days after ligature placement, SRP was performed in EP-SRP/PSS and EP-SRP/SR, as well as the systemic administration of either PSS or SR were initiated and continued until euthanasia in all groups. Animals were euthanized at 7 and 30 days after the beginning of the systemic treatments. Histological, histometric (percentage of bone in the furcation [PBF]) and immunohistochemical (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP], Osteocalcin [OCN] and leukocyte common antigen [CD 45]) analyses were performed. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: EP-SRP/PSS showed a significantly more organized pattern of the connective tissue and alveolar bone structure than EP-SRP/SR. EP-SR showed significantly higher PBF than EP-PSS, however, EP-SRP/PSS showed no difference with EP-SRP/SR at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: SR reduced the alveolar bone loss in non-treated animals and presented no standout benefits over the conventional forms of treating EP. Key words:Strontium Ranelate, periodontal disease, root planing, alveolar bone loss.